The Effect of Nurse-Patient Ratio on Patient Safety in Yobe State Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
The nurse-patient ratio is a critical factor in healthcare delivery and patient safety. A lower nurse-patient ratio ensures that nurses can provide adequate attention, reduce medical errors, and improve patient satisfaction (Eze et al., 2024). Conversely, an increased patient load per nurse often leads to stress, burnout, and compromised care quality (Usman & Bello, 2023).
In Nigeria, many hospitals face challenges related to nurse shortages, forcing nurses to care for a high number of patients. In Yobe State Teaching Hospital, the growing demand for healthcare services has exacerbated the strain on nurses, affecting patient safety outcomes. Studies have shown that an unfavorable nurse-patient ratio is associated with higher mortality rates, increased hospital-acquired infections, and prolonged hospital stays (Ibrahim & Suleiman, 2024).
This study seeks to evaluate the effect of nurse-patient ratios on patient safety in Yobe State Teaching Hospital. The findings will help in recommending staffing policies and workload management strategies to improve healthcare outcomes.
Statement of the Problem
Patient safety remains a major concern in many Nigerian hospitals, where understaffing often leads to medical errors and compromised care (Olawale & Yusuf, 2023). Yobe State Teaching Hospital has seen an increasing demand for healthcare services, but the available nursing workforce has not grown proportionally. As a result, nurses are often overworked, leading to decreased efficiency and potential risks to patient safety.
Despite global recognition of the importance of nurse-patient ratios in healthcare delivery, there is limited research on its impact in Northern Nigerian hospitals. This study aims to assess the relationship between nurse-patient ratios and patient safety in Yobe State Teaching Hospital.
Objectives of the Study
1. To evaluate the impact of nurse-patient ratios on patient safety in Yobe State Teaching Hospital.
2. To identify challenges faced by nurses due to high patient loads.
3. To propose strategies for improving nurse staffing policies to enhance patient safety.
Research Questions
1. How does nurse-patient ratio affect patient safety in Yobe State Teaching Hospital?
2. What are the major challenges caused by high nurse-patient ratios?
3. What strategies can improve nurse-patient ratios for better patient safety outcomes?
Research Hypotheses
1. A higher nurse-patient ratio negatively affects patient safety.
2. High workload among nurses increases the risk of medical errors.
3. Improving nurse staffing policies will enhance patient safety in Yobe State Teaching Hospital.
Definitions of Terms
• Nurse-Patient Ratio: The number of patients assigned to a nurse within a given shift.
• Patient Safety: Measures taken to prevent harm and ensure quality healthcare services.
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